This article was originally published in a sponsored newsletter.

We know oxidative stress plays a role in many ocular and systemic diseases, but supplements can help. Specifically, lutein and zeaxanthin have demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that protect against this damage. In vitro studies have shown curcurmin can reduce pro-inflammatory cytokines in corneal epithelial cells. Vitamin D3 has been shown to improve the efficacy of artificial tears and reduce symptom severity in patients with and without vitamin D3 deficiency. The full effect of oxidative damage on ocular conditions and further details on each of these nutraceuticals is still being explored, but supplementation with lutein, zeaxanthin, curcumin and vitamin D3 to address dry eye signs and symptoms is a welcome addition to our armamentarium.

Clinical studies of these supplements have shown improvement in signs of dry eye disease, including MMP-9 positivity with inflammation and increased tear production. Human tears have more than 2,000 components including growth factors, proteins and electrolytes, and patients benefit when they can produce more of their own natural tears.

While we as ODs appreciate these results, symptoms are what matter most to patients, and these supplements can help address their symptoms. Lutein, zeaxanthin, curcumin and vitamin D3 have reduced symptoms early in regimens and have been successful as patients continue to take them. I'm recommending these supplements to my dry eye patients, whether they have mild or severe disease, while keeping mild patients on preservative-free artificial tears, and maintaining prescription medications regimens for those with moderate to severe disease.